Robert A. Gonsalves

12 Lexington Street
Woburn, MA  01801
USA

(781) 935-1785
bobg@eecs.tufts.edu

EDUCATION:

1956                B. S.  Electrical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA          

1961                M.S.  Electrical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA

1965                Ph.D. Electrical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA

           

EMPLOYMENT:

1956‑1959       Officer, U.S. Navy; USS Destroyer, Brownson, DD 868; OCS Instructor, RI

1959‑1962       Staff Member, RCA, Burlington, MA

1962‑1965       Teaching Assistant, Research Assistant, Ph. D. Candidate, Northeastern University, Boston, MA

1965-1985        Assistant Prof., Associate Prof., Professor, Northeastern U., Boston, MA

1976                Visiting Professor, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland

1984                Visiting Professor, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA

1985-1996       President and Founder, Lexitek, Inc., Woburn, MA, Digital imaging company

1985‑2005               Professor, Tufts University, Medford, MA

                               Director, Electro‑Optics Technology Center (1985-1994)

                               Chair (1996-2000), Department of Electrical Eng. and Computer Science

                               Chair (2002-2004), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

2005-present            Emeritus Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University      

                                   

CONSULTING, SUMMER WORK:

1965                Instrument Development Labs, Attleboro, MA

1966                Itek Corporation, Lexington, MA

1966-1967       Bell Telephone Laboratories, North Andover, MA

1967‑1968       Sanders Associates, Nashua, NH

1968-1969       Raytheon Company, Norwood, MA

1969-1970       The Mitre Corporation, Bedford, MA

1969-1988       Ektron, Eikonix, Kodak Companies, Burlington, MA

1980                Lecturer, Boston University, Boston, MA

1982                Fairchild Camera, Syosett, NY

1984                Martin Marietta Company, Denver, CO

1984‑1985       Lockheed Company, Palo Alto, CA

1985‑1986       ERIM, Ann Arbor, MI

1986‑1995       Mission Research Corporation, Nashua, NH

1987-1988       Betagen Corp., Waltham, MA

1987                Phase One Development Corporation, Newton, MA

1989                A. J. Devaney Associates, Boston, MA

1990‑1991       NASA, Hubble Space Telescope, Working Group on Image Processing                  

1992-1994       Analogic Corporation, Peabody, MA

1998                Lecturer, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland

1999-2000       Schafer Corporation, Chelmsford, MA

2001                VistaScape Technology, Atlanta, Georgia

2002                General Eastern Instruments, Woburn, MA

2004 - present Harvard-Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA


PUBLICATIONS:

"Autocorrelation‑Invariant Functions", Proceedings of the IRE, June 1964

"Data Transmission by PAM through a Channel that has been Randomly Selected", Proceedings of the IEEE, September 1967 (co-author: D. W. Tufts)

"Maximum‑Likelihood Receiver for Digital Data Transmission", IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology, June 1968

"Data Transmission Through a Random Noisy Channel by PAM", IEEE Transmission on Communication Technology, June 1968 (co-author: D. W. Tufts)

"Bounds on the Variation and Bandwidth of a Bandlimited Signal", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, July 1969

"Performance of Manchester Coded FSK", IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, June 1970

"Spatial Filtering with Amplitude‑Distorted Vander Lugt Filters", Optical Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 2, March‑April 1973 (co-author: R. Dumais)

"On Optimal Holographic Filters", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 45, March 1974 (co-authors: R. Dumais, P. Considine)

"Spot Shaping and Incoherent Optical Smoothing for Raster Scanned Imagery", Optical Engineering, February 1976 (co-author: P. Considine)

"Cramer‑Rao Bounds on Mensuration Errors", Applied Optics, March 1976

"Phase Retrieval from Modulus Data", Journal Optical Society of America, September 1976

"Optical Character Recognition of Degraded Font", 1977 SPIE Annual Convention Record, San Diego CA, August 1977  (co-authors: P. Considine and A. Shea)

"Prediction and Removal of Adjacency Effects from Photographic Image", Photographic Science and Engineering, January/February 1977 (co-authors: M. Silevitch and D. Ehn)

"Intelligent Computers", Galileo, July 1978.

"Applications of Optical Data Processing", contributing author with P. Considine,  editor D. Casasent, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1978

"Fixed Error Encoding for Bandwidth Compression", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 149, August 1978 (co-authors: T. Huang, A. Shea, N. Evans, E. Delp)

"Coding for Machine Readable‑Human Readable Pictures", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 149, August 1978 (co-author: A. Shea)

"Location and Orientation of Noise Discontinuities by Constrained Clustering", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 149, August 1978  (co-authors: J. Finley, T. Bilotta)

"Bounded Error Data Compression at Constant Rate", ITC 1978 Conference Record, November 1978 (co-authors: N. Evans, A. Shea)

"Lateral Inhibition in Imaging Systems to Emulate the Biological Process", 1979 SPSE Conference Record, January 1979  (co-author: H. Liff)

"Wavefront Sensing by Phase Retrieval", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 207, August 1979 (co-author: R. Chidlaw)

"Generation of Random Images with Controlled Statistics", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 207, August 1979 (co-authors: T. Lianza, A. Masia)

"Bounded Error Coding of Cosine Transformed Images", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 207, August 1979 (co-author: A. Shea)

"Image Compression with Approximate Transform Implementation", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 249, August 1980  (co-author: G. Johnson)

"Phase Coded Imaging", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 249, August 1980

"EPPL, A User‑Oriented Picture Processing Language", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 271, February 1981, (co-authors: P. Tracy, R. Chidlaw)

"Digital Image Processing in Education", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 301, August 1981

"Fundamentals of Wavefront Estimation by Phase Retrieval", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 351, August 1982

"Phase Retrieval and Diversity in Adaptive Optics", Optical Engineering, Sept./Oct. 1982

"Image Scanning and Recording", Optical Engineering, March/April 1984, (Invited co-editor with Philip Considine)

"Locally Adaptive Enhancement, Binarization and Segmentation of Images for Machine Vision", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 504, August 1984 (co-author: A. Lehar)

"Phase Retrieval", Invited Paper, Proc. SPIE, Vol. 528, January 1985

"Locally Adaptive Enhancement and Feature Extraction of Fingerprints", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 534,  January 1985 (co-authors: B. Gold, J. MacAuslan, A. Lehar)

"Maximum Entropy Image Restoration: Formulated as a Correction Term to the Inverse Filter Solution", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 697, August 1986 (co-author: H. M. Kao)

"Pattern Recognition Techniques for Finding the Address on Letters and Parcels", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 755, January 1987 (co-author: A. Lehar)

"Phase Retrieval by Differential Intensity Measurements", J. Opt. Soc. of America, January 1987

"IRAS Image Reconstruction and Restoration", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 804, March 1987 (co-authors: J. Kennealy, S. Price, R. Korte, T. Lyons, P. Levan, G. Aumann)

"An Entropy‑Based Algorithm for Reducing Artifacts in Image Restoration", Optical Engineering, April 1987  (co-author: H. M. Kao)

"Entropy-Based Image Restoration: Modifications and Additional Results", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 829, August 1987 (co-authors: R. Korte, J, Kennealy)

"Simple Laboratory Experiment on Computer-Generated Holograms," Proc. SPIE, Vol. 938,  1988 (co-author: J. Prohaska)

“PC-Based Image Restoration,” Proc. SPIE, Vol. 974, August 1988 (co-author: J. Kennealy)

"Effect of variation of laser writer parameters on simulated output copy", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 1099, March 1989 (co-authors: J. Hogan, et. al.)

"Hubble Space Telescope Image Processing: An Overview of Algorithms for Image Restoration," Proc. SPIE, vol. 1567, July 1991 (co-author: P. Nisenson)

"Fluorescent Computed Tomography: A Model for Correction of x-ray Absorption,” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 38, No. 6. December 1991 (co-authors: J. Hogan and A. Krieger)

“Detection and Estimation of mRNA using a Non-linear Model in Neurons Labeled by in-situ Hybridization Histochemistry,” NeuroImage, Vol. 1, No. 1  (1993) (co-authors: S. Zaccheo and R. Kream)

 “Micro-Computed Tomography: Removal of Translational Stage Backlash,” IEEE Trans. on Nuclear Science, Vol. 40, No. 3, Part II, June 1993 (co-authors: J. Hogan and A. Krieger)

"Non‑Isoplanatic Imaging with phase diversity", Optics Letters, April, 1994

“High Resolution Measurements from Hubble Space Telescope Power Spectra,” Proceedings of HST Images and Spectra, II, Baltimore, MD, 1994 (co-authors: P. Nisenson, E. Falco, and S. Ebstein)

“Estimating the Cramer-Rao Bound for Restored Astronomical Observations,” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 495,  February 1995.  (co-authors: T. S. Zaccheo, S. Ebstein, and P. Nisenson)

“Estimating the Cramer-Rao Bound for Restored Astronomical Observations: Application to the Richardson - Lucy Algorithm,” Astrophy. Journal, Vol. 458, No. 2, February 1996.  (co-authors: S. Zaccheo, S. Ebstein, and P. Nisenson)

“Iterative Maximum Likelihood Estimators for Positively Constrained Objects,” Journal Optical Society of America, Vol. 13, No. 2, February 1996. (principal-author: S. Zaccheo)

“Compensation of scintillation with a phase-only adaptive optic,” Optics Letters, Vol. 22, No. 9, May 1, 1997

"Optical incoherent imaging through a thin slab waveguide," Optical Engineering 39: (9) 2392-2396 Sep. 2000  (first author: Charles Dionne)

"Small-phase solution to the phase retrieval problem," Optics Letters,, 26 (10): May 15, 2001

"Sequential diversity imaging of extended sources," Proc. SPIE, Vol. 4792, July 2002
"Super resolution based on low-resolution, warped images," Proc. SPIE, Vol. 4790, July 2002, (co-author: F. Khaghani)

 "Calculation of an optimized apodizer for a terrestrial planet finder coronagraphic telescope," PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC 115 (808): 706-711 JUN 2003 (co-author: P. Nisenson)

"Imaging through an optical waveguide with wavelength diversity, "OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 43 (2): 445-449, FEB 2004   (first author: C. Dionne)

"Phase diversity in an exo-planet imager," Proc. SPIE, Vol. 5905,  August 2005 (co-author: V. Tolls)

"Study of high-performance coronagraphic techniques," V. Tolls, M. Aziz,  R. Gonsalves, S. Korzennik, A. Labeyrie, R. Lyon, G. Melnick,  S. Somerstein, G. Vasudevan, R. Woodruff,   Proc. SPIE, Vol. 5905, August 2005      

"Study of coronagraphic techniques," V. Tolls, M. Aziz,  R. Gonsalves, S. Korzennik, A. Labeyrie, R. Lyon, G. Melnick,  R. Schlitz, S. Somerstein, G. Vasudevan, R. Woodruff,   Proc. SPIE, Vol. 6265, May 2006


PRESENTATIONS AND SIGNIFICANT TECHNICAL REPORTS:

“Maximum-likelihood Detection in a Binary Channel with Memory,” AFCRL Report 63-313, EE Department, Northeastern University, July 1963 (Co-author W. Lob).   (First derivation of a detector which uses decision feedback.)

"Analog implementation of a receiver with decision feedback.,  AFCRL Report-64-12, EE

Department, Northeastern U., December 1964. ( Editor: S. H. Chang)

  "Laguerre Functions of the First Kind in Signal Design and Representation", IEEE First Annual Communications Convention Digest, June 1965

“Implementation and Performance of the Maximum-likelihood Detector in a Channel with Intersymbol Inteference,”  AFCRL Report 66-586, EE Department, Northeastern University, August 1966

"Maximum‑Likelihood Receiver for Digital Data Transmission", IEEE Third Annual Communications Convention Digest, June 1967

"Voice Response Units in the Cockpit", AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference, April 1975 (co-authors: R. Dever, S. Apsell)

"The Impact of Robotics", NSF RANN2 Meeting Digest, Vol. 3, November 1976

"A Technology Assessment of Robots", 7th International Symposium on Industrial Robots, Tokyo, Japan, October 1977 (coauthors: H. Liff and S. Kurlat)

"Application of Phase Retrieval Techniques to Adaptive Imaging Systems", Optical Society of America Meeting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, October 1977 (co-authors: A. Devaney and R. Chidlaw), Abstract in JOSA, October 1977

"Robotics in Japan from American Perspective", Autofact I, Meeting of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Detroit, Michigan, November 3, 1977 (co-author: S. Kurlat)

"Application of Phase Retrieval Techniques to Adaptive Imaging Systems, II", Optical Society of America Meeting, San Francisco CA 1978, Abstract in JOSA, October 1978 (co-authors:  A. Devaney and R. Chidlaw), October 1978

"Phase Diversity in Adaptive Optics', OSA 2D Signal Processing Symposium, March 1981.

"Phase Diversity Imaging", IOC Conference, Graz, Austria, September 1981

"Compression of Digital Images", Southwest Connecticut Section of Optical Society of America, May 1983

"Wavefront Estimation Based on Differential Intensity Measurements", SPIE Annual Convention, August 21‑22, 1984

"Phase Diversity", Invited Paper, Optical Society of America, Topical Meeting on Signal Recovery and Synthesis II, Hawaii, April 1, 1986

"Advanced PC‑Based Image Processing", SPIE Half‑day Tutorial, Fourth International Symposium on Optical and Optoelectronic Applied Science and Engineering, The Hague, The Netherlands, March 1987 (co-author: J. Kennealy)

“Education in Optics,” Invited talk, OSA Conversazione 1987, Framingham, MA, April 1987

"Iterative implementation of maximum entropy restoration", SPSE Conv., Boston MA, May 1989

“The Engineer as Entrepreneur,” Council on International Educational Exchange, Tufts University, July 1989

“FIER: A Filtered Entropy Approach to Maximum Entropy Restoration,: MAXENT 89, Dartmouth College, August 1989 (co-authors: J. Kennealy, S. Price, R. Korte)

“Face Recognition,” SPSE Convention, Rochester NY, May 1990

“Restoration of Hubble Imagery,” Invited presentation, Museum of our National Heritage, Lexington MA, September 1990 (co-presenter: P. Nisenson)

“Overview of phase retrieval techniques,” Hubble Aberration Recovery Project (HARP), Image Inversion Workshop,  Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena CA, November 15, 1990

"Processing of Hubble Images", Distinguished Speaker Series, Mitre Corp., Bedford MA, Apr., 1991

“Enhancement of Hubble Space Telescope Images by Processing," Final Report of the HST Image Processing Working Group, NASA, April 1991 ( Contributing author, Editor: B. R. Hunt)

“Image Restoration Methods for Hubble Space Telescope Data", Raytheon Corp., Sudbury MA, May 24, 1991

“Image Inversion Analysis of the Hubble Space Telescope Optical Telescope Assembly,” Technical Report to Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Tufts University, May 1991 (co-author: S. Ebstein)

"Adaptive Optics,” Invited talk, University of Rome, Rome, Italy, October 16, 1992

"Adaptive Optics and Phase Diversity,” Invited talk, Astrophys. Observ., Catania, Sicily, Oct. 1992

"Phase Diversity,” Invited talk, University of Florence, Florence, Italy October 23, 1992

“Processing the Hubble Images,” Invited talk, National Institute of Optics, Florence, Italy, Oct. 1992

"Phase Diversity Imaging", Invited Paper, U. of Arizona, Tuscon AZ, Jan., 1992

Non‑Isoplanatic imaging of solar data by phase diversity", Invited Paper, Sacramento Peak Observatory, Sunspot, NM, October, 1992

"Phase retrieval, phase diversity, and image restoration", Keynote Speaker, Sacramento Peak Observatory, Sunspot, NM October, 1992

“Non-isoplanatic Imaging through Ocean Waves,” Invited talk, Lockheed/Sanders, Nashua NH, February 19, 1993

“Medical Image Processing,” Invited paper, Biomedical Lasers and Optics: A View Toward the 21st Century, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Cambridge MA, June 19, 1993

"History and Future of Imaging with Phase Diversity", Invited Paper, Annual meeting of Optical Society of America, Toronto, Canada, September, 1993

“Cramer-Rao Bound - Accuracy of Hubble Space Telescope Image Restoration,” Second Annual Convention on HST Imagery, Baltimore, MD, Oct. 1993. (co-authors: S. Zaccheo, S. Ebstein, P. Nisenson)

“Iterative Object Estimation for Nonisoplanatic Imaging,” 1994 annual meeting of the Optical Society of America, Dallas, TX, October 1994 (co-author: S. Ebstein)

“Fast Gradient Calculation for Estimation from Nonisoplanatic Image Data,” 1994 annual meeting of the Optical Society of America, Dallas, TX, October 1994 (co-author: S. Ebstein)

“Imaging with Phase Diversity,” Invited talk, Boston Chapter of IEEE Group on Signal Processing, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, October 11, 1994

"Phase Diversity Imaging: Report of Experiments and Simulations,” Optical Society of America Topical Meeting on Adaptive Optics, July 1996. (co-authors: S. Ebstein, P. Nisenson, C. Shelton)

“Wavefront Estimation by Phase Diversity and Compensation with a Liquid Crystal Wavefront Corrector,” Optical Society of America Topical Meeting on Adaptive Optics, July 1996. (co-authors G. D. Love, S. Ebstein, P. Nisenson, S. R. Restaino, R.C. Carreras, W. Junor)

“Combating scintillation with phase diversity,” Smart Sensors Workshop, Kirkland AFB, Nov. 1996

"Phase retrieval and its application to the Hubble Telescope," Tampere U., Finland, August, 1998

"Wavefront sensing by phase diversity: a tutorial," Invited talk, International Workshop on Wavefront Sensing and its Applications, U. of Kent, Canterbury, England, July 19-22, 1999

"Biography of Richard Barakat,"  Invited article, Optics News, February 2000

"A phase diversity solution to the small-phase phase retrieval problem,"  Workshop on computational optics and imaging for space applications programs,  NASA Goddard, May 10, 2000

"Wavefront sensing for sparse apertures by phase diversity,  Workshop on computational optics and imaging for space applications programs,  NASA Goddard, May 10, 2000

"Perspectives on phase diversity," Invited Paper, Conference on Wavefront Sensing and Controls, Hawaii Island, Hawaii, November 2000

"Phase diversity imaging,"  University of Sydney, Australia, November 2000

"The Hubble Space Telescope,"  Burbeen Free Lecture Series, December 2000, Woburn, MA

"Adaptive Optics by Sequential Diversity Imaging,"   Beyond Conventional Optics, Venice, Italy, May 8, 2001

"Optimal apodization," Observatorie de Haute-Provence, France, March 2002 

"Apodization and Phase Diversity: Two Methods in the Search for Exo-Planets," Observatorie de Paris-Meudon, France, March 2002 

"ESPI, Extrasolar Planet Imager," Astronomical Society of the Pacific,  Conference on Scientific Frontiers of Extrasolar Planets, San Francisco, 17 co-authors, http://www.citebase.org/abstract?id=oai:arXiv.org:astro-ph/0210046, 2003

"Phase diversity imaging," Institute of Physics, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria, June 1, 2005

"Role of phase diversity in the search for exo-planets," Institute of Astronomy, University of Vienna, Austria, June 2, 2005

"Phase diversity in imaging of exo-planets" Institute of Astrophysics at Canaries, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Nov. 18, 2005

"Techniques for imaging an exo-planet," National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland, June 12, 2006

TELEVISION WORK:

NBC Nightly News, Report on Industry Entrepreneurs Teaching at Universities, Invited

            appearance, Summer, 1982

PBS,  FRONTLINE Production, “Who was Lee Harvey Oswald,” presented results of digital

            Image Restoration of the Bronson and Hughes films, Fall, 1993

PBS,  NOVA Production, “The Beast of Loch Ness,” processed home movies of "Nessie" and

            a small boat, Spring, 1999

BOOK REVIEWS:

Review of The Hubble Wars, by Eric Chaisson (1994), Tuftonia, Fall, 1994

Review of Computer Processing of Electron Microscope Images, edited by P. W. Hawkes

Springer Verlag, Berlin  (1980),  Optical Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, April 1982.

HONORS:

Selected by "The Primary Source" as one of Tufts' best professors, 1997, 1999, 2001

"Apple for the Teacher" award, Alpha Omricon Pi sorority, 1992, 1994, 1999

Leibner Award for distinguished teaching and advising, Tufts University,  2000

PATENTS:

Patent # 4,309,602, "Wavefront Sensing by Phase Retrieval", with  A. Devaney, 1982.

Patent # 5,018,801, “Achromatic Holography Compensation,” with M. Cronin-Golomb, 1990

Patent # 5,399,874, “Currency Paper Verification and Denomination Device Having a Clear

                                    and a Blurred Image,” with R. Menelly, 1995.

Patent  #5,468,971,   “Currency Paper Verification and Denomination Device Using an

                                    Optical Indicia Reader,”  with S.  Ebstein, and R. Menelly,  1995.

Patent # 6,236,304, "National Wave Transfer Device, 2001

PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES:

1970‑1974       Chairman, Vice Chairman, Treas. of IEEE Education Group, Boston Section

1976‑1978       Chairman, Vice Chairman, Treas. of IEEE Info. Theory Group, Boston Section

1979‑87           Session Chairman, "Appl. of Digital Image Processing", SPIE, San Diego CA

1980‑1981       Program Chairman, Optical Society of America, New England Section

1981                Converzatione on Digital Image Processing, Northeastern U and OSA

1984                Session Chairman, "Image Quality", SPIE, Los Angeles CA

1987                Session Chairman, "Industrial Applications of Image Processing", Holland

1992-1995       Chairman, V. Chairman, SPIE, New England Section

1994                Co-Chairman of SPIE image processing sessions, annual meeting, 1994

1994-1996       Initiated the New England Student Paper Competition on Optics

2002                Session Chairman, "Appl. of Digital Image Processing", SPIE, San Diego CA

TECHNICAL REVIEW COMMITTEES:

1968‑1975       IEEE Information Theory Group, IEEE Communications Systems Group

1974‑present   Journal Optical Society of Am., Applied Optics, Optical Engineering, Optics Letters
 
1998-present   IEEE Signal Processing Letters
 
SCIENTIFIC AND PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES:

1959‑present   Member of IEEE, Senior Member  since 1996

1966‑present   Eta Kappa Nu, Sigma Xi, Phi Kappa Phi, Registered Professional Engineer, MA

1970‑1980       AAAS

1977‑1981       Optical Society of America

1983‑present   Member of SPIE, Fellow since 1987

1990                Tau Beta Pi

CIVIC ACTIVITIES:

1970, 1974, 2004      Delegate, Democratic State Convention

1970-1975       Member, Chairman, Woburn School Committee

1972                Delegate, Democratic National Convention, Miami, Florida

1996-2000       Member, Committee to Revitalize Downtown Woburn

1997-1999       Member, Space Needs Sub-Committee, Woburn School Committee

1997-2000       Governor's Appointee to the Woburn Redevelopment Authority

2002-present   Life Trustee, Woburn Public Library


PERSONAL:

Married to Patricia (Liberge) Gonsalves, five children, seven grandchildren

Designed and built several homes in Woburn, including a contemporary solar home.  Rehabbed an 1840 colonial house, our present residence.




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