Current Projects:
CMOS Image Sensors for Near-Infrared
Frequency-Domain Optical Mammography Systems

Biomedical optical imaging technology is emerging as a
promising alternative for early breast cancer detection,
compared to x-ray mammography. In addition to being a safe,
noninvasive method for screening, optical imaging methods
offer potentially low-cost and relatively portable
instrumentation for use in primary care situations. Recent
research has shown that frequency-domain spectroscopy, where
the light source intensity is sinusoidally modulated, can
achieve richer information content improving image
resolution and tumor detectability. A typical
frequency-domain optical mammography system is shown in
Fig.1. Four fiber-coupled laser diodes(690nm to 865nm) are
sinusoidally modulated around 70MHz. The transmitted light
is received on the opposite side of the tissue by a
photomultiplier tube(PMT) producing an electrical signal for
further signal processing. In addition to measuring the
optical signal attenuation, this frequency domain approach
measures the phase shift to determine the mean path length
of photons as a second parameter to generate a high
resolution oxygenation index image of the tissue. Due to the
diffusive nature of breast tissue, experimental results have
shown that multiple detector in a planar configuration can
enhance spatial information and depth discrimination.
Reference:
[1] S. Fantini, E. L. Heffer, V. E. Pera, A. Sassaroli,
and N. Liu, “Spatial and spectral information in optical
mammography.” Technol Cancer Res Treat, vol. 4, no. 5, pp.
471–482, Oct 2005.
[2] Fantini, E. L. Heffer, M. A. Franceschini, L. Gýutz,
A. Heinig, S. Heywang-KĂ˝ubrunner, O. SchĂijtz, and H.
Siebold, “Optical mammography with intensity-modulated
light.” Proceedings of Inter-Institute Workshop on In Vivo
Optical Imaging at the NIH, 2000.
[3] N. Liu, A. Sassaroli, M. A. Zucker, and S. Fantini,
“Three-element phased-array approach to diffuse optical
imaging based on postprocessing of continuous-wave data.”
Opt Lett, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 281–283, Feb 2005.